1) Country - Mozambique
Year - 1992
Situation - When Mozambique became independent of Portugal, the party Frelimo was in power and they sought to reform the country. But the Mozambican Civil War in the 1980s hindered the efforts as the party Renamo sought to overthrow Frelimo. However in the late 1980s, both the parties had become uninterested in fighting. Renamo's internal support was failing as they were partially responsible for the famine caused by the war. Frelimo was willing to allow Renamo a place in the government and neither side had funds. So they signed an agreement known as the Rome General Peace Accord.
UNs role - UNs operation consisted of political components which oversaw the agreement, the military component to promote peace and create a new national army, the humanitarian component to assist refugees and electoral component to oversee upcoming elections
2) Country - Namibia
Year - 1989
Situation - In 1966, the UN General Assembly decided that South Africa's control over West South Africa was illegal. In 1989, political conditions finally allowed the UN to begin the process of transfer of power from South Africa to the new nation of Namibia.
UNs role - UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) had tasks like preparing for elections in Namibia, supervising adoption of Namibian Constitution and assisting in the formation of a new government.
3) Country - Tajikistan
Year - 1994
Situation - The Tajikistani Civil war was caused due to one main reason. The fight between the former communist elite and opposition had shifted from the political sphere to an ethic and clan based one. The conflict dragged on for five years until a UN sponsored armistice ended it and resulted in an agreement.
UNs role - United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) was established in 1994 to monitor the country's ceasefire agreement. Following the signing of the parties of the 1997 General Peace Agreement, UNMOT's mandate was expanded to help monitor its implementation.
Written by: Ameya Harish
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